Positive displacement pump ppt. Classification: Figure 1: Classification of PD pumps Working Principle At first, check valves in the suction and discharge ports Oct 21, 2015 · Calculation Of Pump Head. M. The centers of these two circles are offset, causing eccentricity, the vanes extend and retract while rotating. Slides: 58. 4 likes • 3,676 views. In a rotodynamic pump, a rotating impeller imparts energy to the fluid. pump and its classifications centrifugal pump and its classification and working and advantages and disadvantages and applications of centrifugal pump. 1 of 28. These pumps are able to handle viscous fluids, which flow at lower speeds and create more resistance, more efficiently than kinetic (dynamic) pumps. They are commonly referred to as constant-volume pumps. Topics covered are operating principles, energy conversion, components in centrifugal pump, the concept of NPSH, pump rating calculation and affinity laws. About This Presentation. 0. To gain an understanding of the types of positive displacement pumps, their working principle, design and construction. pumps and its types-ppt - Download as a PDF or view online for free. 36 likes • 31,193 views. Pump capacities per head vary from 10 milliliters per hour up to 5,000 gallons per hour. Positive displacement pumps apply direct pressure to fluids using reciprocating pistons or rotating members, while centrifugal pumps generate high Positive displacement flowmeters differ from positive displacement pumps only in that, rather than being driven by motors, they are driven by the fluid flowing through them. A rope pump is a type of positive displacement pump that has a loosely hanging rope at a well and a lifting device with the bottom submerged in water with a long pipe. 90 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 15. Horse Power Ranges – 5 to 5,000. World class provider of pumps and pumping systems to a wide range to industries. Karnav Rana. A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount of the fluid and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into a discharge pipe or discharge system. Screw pumps offer the highest flow rate of positive displacement pumps which makes them a Oct 18, 2022 · Understanding Positive Displacement Pumps: Characteristics, Types, Working An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. To determine the performance characteristics curves of a positive displacement vane pump. Centrifugal pumps peak at BEP (best efficiency point). Positive displacement pumps can be run at any point on their curve without damage or efficiency loss. Gear Pumps. Pumping element designs include gears, lobes, rotary pistons, vanes, and screws. Vikram Sharma. Priming is not required because it is a positive displacement pump. Talha Hussain. Templates and engineering services are A positive displacement pump moves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume, with the aid of seals or valves, and moving it mechanically through the system. txt) or view presentation slides online. Nov 4, 2019 · POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP (PDPs) BASIC DEFINITION: A constant flow rate fluid pumping device use to displace the fluids (usually viscous & fragile) in the direction of pressure force. Positive displacement pumps apply direct pressure to fluids using reciprocating pistons or rotating members, while centrifugal pumps generate high Delta PD Pumps is the only company dealing in all types of Positive Displacement Rotary Pumps since 1968. com - id: 930946-Njg4M A pump curve is a plot of outlet pressure as a function of flow and is characteristic of a certain pump. May 6, 2024 · KEY MARKET INSIGHTS. It can be used for less discharge at higher heads. Flow at a faster rate. Positive Displacement Pumps 1)Reciprocating pump Piston pump Diaphram pump 2)Rotary pump Vane pump Gear pump Lobe pump Screw pump A N Khudaiwala (L. Reciprocating pumps take in and discharge liquid at a steady volume, provided the speed remains unchanged. PUMPS - Download as a PDF or view online for free. com 2410 Parview Rd. Quick And Dirty Guide to Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Mar 4, 2020 · A positive displacement pump is a mechanical device which forces and displaces a known quantity of fluid for every revolution or cycle that the pump complete Pump - Rotary, Reciprocating, Centrifugal: Positive displacement pumps, which lift a given volume for each cycle of operation, can be divided into two main classes, reciprocating and rotary. ENTC - 303. May 10, 2023 · Centrifugal pumps are devices used to move a fluid from one place to another using centrifugal force. There are two main types: reciprocating and rotary. It is a device that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by sucking the liquid into a cylinder, it discharges a definite quantity of liquid. Balanced Vane pump. Positive-displacement pumps 9. Positive displacement pumps include piston, screw, sliding vane, and rotary lobe types; centrifugal Positive displacement pumps can handle highly viscous fluids, and their flow rate can increase as the fluid gets thicker. Centrifugal pump working principle and centrifugal pump parts dis Nov 27, 2017 · Viscosity impacts on pump performance in very different ways. Vane pump is of two types. Read more. • Middleton, WI 53562 800-841-5001 • 608-831-5001 Aug 30, 2016 · 39 likes • 5,405 views. Dec 24, 2015 · Engineering360 News Desk | December 24, 2015. a pump, you must specify the type of pump and make sure it is capable of delivering a given flowrate at a given pressure. radial piston pump - Download as a PDF or view online for free. – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow. 1 of 25. It also shows that with a positive displacement pump, higher viscosity increases the flowrate. Positive displacement pumps are commonly used in applications where the flow rate needs to be constant and steady, regardless of the pressure changes in the system. Corrigendum to "NCX1 and NCX3: Two new effectors of Positive-displacement pump - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Suction lift. 7. It outlines LMS Amesim's capabilities for modeling different pump components and simulations like cavitation analysis. Objectives. Chemyx Fusion Series syringe pumps are all driven via a stepper motor. These are two features that are desired of fluid power pumps. – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow. Efficiency. Download to read offline. In contrast, the efficiency of positive displacement pumps increases with increasing viscosity. Gear pumps are positive displacement type pumps. Also, positive displacement pumps can handle shear sensitive fluids—or fluids that change when force, stress, or Jan 12, 2016 · Positive displacement pumps were developed long before centrifugal pumps. Oct 11, 2016 · The document discusses how LMS Imagine. Centrifugal Pump Efficiency. 91% during the forecast period. Rotodynamic pumps, are: 1. These positive displacement pump types are widely using for local water supply and self-supply. centrifugal pumps, 2. Sep 28, 2023 · Centrifugal pumps become less efficient as the material being pumped’s viscosity increases. 260 likes | 743 Views. A reciprocating pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses a reciprocating component (i. The hydrogen segment accounted for more than one-third share of the global market in 2016. s Nov 14, 2014 · Nov 14, 2014. Positive displacement pumps (PDP) work by forcing a liquid via mechanical equipment, such as a piston or plunger. General discussion on pumps and it types with animated working examples. pumps and centrifugal pump and their classifications - Download as a PDF or view online for free. 1 of 66. This Presentation is about working principle of Pumps. Education. Feel free to contact us at 803. Positive Displacement Pump - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Water is contained within a flexible tube fitted inside a circular pump casing, though linear peristaltic pumps have also been made. Cryogenic Pump Market share Due to Increasing Usage of Positive Displacement Pumps - The cryogenic pumps market was valued at $456 million in 2016, and is projected to reach $592 million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 3. ppt hopefully tells you about the pump calculations and evaluations. Mohamed Tahoun, PMP. specializes in a broad range of PD Blower Repair and additional services at the most competitive prices. 5. At higher or lower pressure levels, the efficiency decreases. Piston and plunger pumps Aug 17, 2019 · 5 likes • 2,606 views. 1 of 11. Within a window of 80-110% of its BEP, this pump is adequate. Business. The liquid is trapped in the spaces between the lobes and then discharged into a region of higher pressure. Unlike reciprocals, however, they develop Jul 10, 2019 · 13 likes • 2,141 views. The trapped fluid is then moved through the pump by the action of the mechanical mechanism. Nov 27, 2017 · Viscosity impacts on pump performance in very different ways. Positive Displacement Pumps. 2. pumps history and inventions with details Engineering. Positive displacement (PD) pumps are a category of pumps designed to move fluid at a steady rate through a system. Feb 5, 2024 · •Such a pump is capable of overcoming the pressure resulting from the mechanical loads on the system as well as the resistance to flow due to friction. The most expensive gear pumps are PTO gear pumps. A lead screw, threaded through a pusher block, precisely turns the pump’s stepper motor. Standard centrifugal pumps cannot create suction lift. Pumps enable a liquid to: Flow from a region or low pressure to one of high pressure. The pump is the heart of any system that needs to transport a liquid or gas at a certain pressure. Aug 4, 2018 · introduction A reciprocating pump is a class of positive-displacement pumps which includes the piston pump, plunger pump and diaphragm pump. Examples are given of industries and customers that have used LMS Amesim for pump modeling. Feb 26, 2024 · Reciprocating Pump. • Summary A positive displacement pump moves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume, with the aid of seals or valves, & moving it mechanically through Aug 25, 2019 · Positive displacement pumps. The efficiency of positive displacement pumps increases as the pressure The document discusses positive displacement pumps. It then categorizes positive displacement pumps into two main classes: reciprocating and rotary. This vacuum uses to introduce or discharge the liquid from the pump. Positive-displacement compressors 9. Pump design presentation - Download as a PDF or view online for free. can handle shear sensitive liquid. Download Presentation. Positive Displacement Pump Technical Manual R11: 12/09 www. Ampco’s experts give a quick comparison of positive displacement pumps, demonstrating that not all pumps are equal and not every pump can tackle every application. instruction manual universal 1 series rotary positive displacement pump form no. May 21, 2015 · Pump design presentation. 1% of the true value. Download now. D. 1. Jan 6, 2022 · A positive displacement (PD) pump moves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume and moving it mechanically through the system. Kinetic and positive displacements are two main classes, which have different working principles. Unlike reciprocals, however, they develop positive displacement pumps1 squeeze the fluid directly; centrifugal pumps (also called “roto-dynamic pumps”) speed up the fluid and convert this kinetic energy to pressure. Hammad Akber. Aug 8, 2014 · Pumps • Advantages of Positive Displacement Reciprocating Pumps • Long life, reliable service • Low pressure applications • Can be made of multiple materials • Self priming. A centrifugal pump transfers the kinetic energy of the motor to the liquid by a spinning impeller; as the impeller rotates it draws in fluid causing increased Vane Pump. 9% from 2017 to 2023. 1 of 33. Positive-displacement pumps are capable of developing high pressures while operating at low suction pressures. Reciprocating pumps include piston, plunger, and diaphragm types; rotary pumps include gear, lobe, screw, vane, and cam pumps. Enjoy a full 3-year onsite warranty on our products/services. Net positive suction head, Priming, Centrifugal pumps, Postive displacement, Rotary, Reciprocating pumps, Dynamic pumps. Pump basics types & operations. Fluid Mechanics Lab: Positive Displacement Pumps. It is often used where a small quantity of liquid is to be handled and where delivery pressure is quite A positive displacement pump decreases the volume containing the liquid until the resulting liquid pressure equals the pressure in the discharge system. 168 likes • 124,041 views. That is, the liquid is compressed mechanically, causing a direct rise in potential energy. Oct 31, 2016 · A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement pump used for pumping a variety of water services. Tamanash Pramanick. Dhulasi Vinothini. Because of this, these pumps are generally not appropriate for highly viscous fluids (over 850 cSt). Pump curves are used far less frequently for positive-displacement pumps. It also consists of Images and animations of the Pumps. The global positive displacement pumps market size was valued at USD 6. 547. Slideshow view. No need to fill the cylinders. com • fristam@fristampumps. 358 likes • 150,570 views. Un-balanced Vane pump. Advantages of positive displacement pumps (PDP): a. A reciprocating pump is also known as a positive displacement pump. Nov 8, 2014 • Download as PPTX, PDF •. Oct 21, 2015 • Download as PPTX, PDF •. Listen to Audio Version. The given pump is single acting single cylinder pump with air vessel. Sep 3, 2018 · A pump is a device that increases the mechanical energy of a fluid to increase its velocity, pressure, or elevation. Pumps are classified as either positive displacement pumps or dynamic pumps. pdf), Text File (. 3. Unlike centrifugal pumps, their capacity is Feb 5, 2009 · The food and beverage market is another key positive displacement market with multiple segments such as beverage, bakery, confectionary, dairy and meat packaging. Positive displacement pumps create a vacuum on the inlet side, making them capable of creating suction lift. info@deltapdpumps. Selection Consideration: Twelve Benefits of PD Pumps. A rotor with “rollers,” “shoes,” “wipers,” or “lobes” attached to the external circumference Mar 2, 2011 · Industrial Pump Repair: Positive Displacement Pumps Training video of The Positive Displacement Pump Training Course which covers a large range of pump types Jul 23, 2014 · pumps and its types-ppt. The efficiency of positive displacement pumps increases as the pressure Jan 1, 2023 · Pumps are mechanical devices that use energy to raise the static pressure and flow rate of a liquid. May 13, 2013 · Positive displacement pumps are available in a variety of sizes and capacities, depending on the desired result. Oct 3, 2013 · PUMPS. 29% in 2019. The intersection of system curve with fan operating curve is called a) design point b) operating point c) selection point d) shut off point. 72 billion in 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 6. Number of Views: 1129. Feb 9, 2018 · This Presentation Discus Pumps (Centrifugal and Positive Displacement) Also it Discusses other properties of pumps. 4. fristam. Pumps along with their types. Basics of centrifugal. Whereas positive displacement pumps are divided into rotary (such as vane, gear and screw) and reciprocating Jul 10, 2019 · 13 likes • 2,141 views. Positive Displacement Pumps – Energy is periodically applied unlike the dynamic pumps. However, positive displacement pumps become more efficient with increases. Pro’s and Con’s of Screw Pumps. pptx), PDF File (. Like reciprocating pumps, their capacity per rotation is independent of driven speed. Pumps • Disadvantages of Positive Displacement Reciprocating Pumps • Pulsating flow. 43 likes • 17,962 views. Apr 2, 2018 · Positive Displacement Pump: A positive displacement pump is one in which a definite constant volume of liquid is delivered for each cycle regardless of the resistance to flow offered by the system of pump operation. check valve. : 95-03002 revision: 10/2023 read and understand this manual prior to operating or servicing this product. Sep 12, 2022 · Pump definitionPump symbolPump classificationPositive displacement pumpDynamic pumpcentrifugal forceالطلمباتالطلمبة الديناميكية طلمبة الإزاحة الموجبة Apr 26, 2014 · Basics of pump. Jet pumps. High-pressure capability (up to 850 bars) b. Dharmas India. A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the positive displacement pump is therefore necessary. Within these classifications are many different subcategories. Apr 26, 2014 • Download as PPTX, PDF •. Total Head (Pressure) Ranges – 50 to 4,500 psi, 3 to 310 bar. Under this classification method, all the pumps generally fall into two main categories –. The plunger pump is the oldest type in common use. Centrifugal pumps come in various sizes and types to suit different applications. Mar 21, 2021 · In oil and gas industry, pumps are categorized into various groups according to the bellow graph. 2. The pumping action is cyclic and can be driven by pistons, screws, gears, lobes, diaphragms or vanes. The reciprocating piston or plunger converts the mechanical energy of the fluid into pressure energy. Classification of Positive Displacement Pumps. Calculation Of Pump Head - Download as a PDF or view online for free. e. Positive displacement flowmeters are some of the most accurate flowmeters available today. Jul 20, 2016 · Check out this short SlideShare to see the differences between a number of positive displacement pumps, their advantages and disadvantages. A N Khudaiwala (L. Rotary pumps are positive displacement pumps that use rotational, rather than reciprocating, motion during their pumping cycle. A hydrodynamic pump machine is a device which converts the mechanical energy held by a device into potential and kinetic energy in fluid. Description: Hydraulic Pumps Positive Displacement Devices Displacement Formulae Characteristics Power to Drive the Pump The hydraulic power is Qp P/60 or Qp P/1714 for SI and – PowerPoint PPT presentation. Centrifugal pumps 9. Introduction To Rotary Pumps. A vane pump is a positive displacement pump that uses a set of vanes installed on a rotor to transfer the fluid. Inside the pump chamber, the liquid volume is reduced until the liquid pressure equals the pressure of the discharge device. Positive displacement pumps centrifugal pumps reciprocating pumps rotary pumps controlling Positive displacement pump discharge/suction throttling. It is known as a “vane pump” because it pressurizes the fluid due to the impact of the vanes. Positive displacement pumps add energy to a fluid by applying force to the liquid with a mechanical device Feb 13, 2019 · Unlike centrifugal pumps, the output of a positive displacement pump is not affected by pressure so they also tend to be preferred in any situation where the supply is not regular. In many markets, there are applications that clearly should be positive displacement and applications that are clearly centrifugal. There is a must to maintain the agreed tolerances between the gear pumps. P. The most frequent use of pump curves is in the selection of centrifugal pumps, as the flowrate of these pumps varies dramatically with system pressure. System resistance varies as a) square of flow rate b) cube of flow rate c) directly proportional to square root of flow rate d) ) directly with flow rate. 4. The vane-type positive displacement pump is the simplest has a circular rotor rotating inside a larger circular cavity. Centrifugal pumps, on the other hand, can’t handle viscous fluids as well because of the frictional losses. They cover gear, screw and reciprocating pumps in different configurations that guarantee reliable and efficient pumping processes. Title: Hydraulic Pumps. com - id: 3cf2ae-OWNmY A syringe pump is a small, positive-displacement pump used to gradually transfer precise volumes of fluid. • The rigid design of the gears and houses allow for very high pressures and the abilityto pump highly viscous fluids. In this pump, the reciprocating piston or plunger reciprocates in an upward Sep 25, 2021 · Types of pump in Hindi | Pump basics covered in this video. E) G. Oct 2, 2013 • Download as PPTX, PDF •. • The suction stroke is difficult when Search Results. The flow exits the impeller and proceeds through the vaned diffuser before entering the volute. This is caused by frictional losses inside the pump. May 19, 2020 · Positive Displacement Pump Positive Displacement pumps apply pressure directly to the liquid by a reciprocating piston, or by rotating members. Liquid is positively displaced from a fixed-volume container. A diaphragm or membrane pump is a positive displacement pump that uses two flexible diaphragms that move forward and backward to form a temporary vacuum through the pressure difference. Different types of pumps and their working principles. Basic Presentation regarding pumps , will definitely help beginners to learn pump types , their working , their parts etc. There are two main pump types: rotodynamic and positive-displacement. The most common type of rotodynamic pump is the centrifugal pump (Figure 1). Flowserve positive displacement pumps comply either with ASME or API standards. Use for high pressure application 3. They can be designed to pump liquids, solids, gases or mixtures of all three. This pump is adequate within a range of 80-110 percent of its BEP. Nov 6, 2016 · Water pumps ppt made for susan20160711. Metering pumps use the same technology for lower flow rates and are often chosen for fluids less prone to clogging. The reason for this is that slippage (flow back towards suction because of differential pressure Jan 7, 2014 · Introduction Positive-displacement Pumps: A variety of positive-displacement pumps are also available, generally consisting of a rotating member with a number of lobes that move in a close-fitting casing. The Asia Pacific dominated the positive displacement pumps market with a share of 30. May 21, 2015 • Download as PPT, PDF •. Centrifugal pumps are at their most efficient when they are running at full speed. It has two meshed gears revolving about their respective axes. Positive displacement pumps can be further classified into several types, such as: Feb 21, 2012 · In the various applications for metering pumps, process pressures can range from atmospheric pressure up to 50,000 psig (3500 Bar). Pumps and compressors Pumps and compressors Sub-chapters 9. 6. pump. Flow from a low level to a higher level. We manufacture, rebuild, and repair various kinds of Positive Displacement Blowers and other blower equipment. The current literature is explored and compared with commercially available technology resulting in useful insights into the limitations of existing solutions, challenges to overcome and possible future innovations. Education Business. Jul 23, 2014 • Download as PPT, PDF •. 1 of 15. Avg rating:3. Aug 17, 2015 · Screw Pump Application Ranges. PORBANDAR. Hashim Khan. com (+91) 22 4059 3100 Nov 9, 2014 · radial piston pump. It begins by defining positive displacement pumps as pumps that have an expanding cavity on the suction side and decreasing cavity on the discharge side to move a fixed volume of fluid per cycle. Gear pumps consist of two interlocking gears—one driven by a motor and the other idler gear. Numerous sizes, hydraulics and material combinations are particularly well suited for use in applications Jun 12, 2018 · Mohammad Azam Khan GEAR PUMPS PUMPS 13 • Gear pump is a robust and simple positive displacement pump. Flow Rate Ranges – 50 to 15,000 gallons per minute, 189 to 56,781 liters per minute. Uses: 1. Engineering. Often a centrifugal pump is equipped with a radial vaned diffuser of the type illustrated in Figure 6. It has the ability to deliver a constant flow rate under different pressure conditions. The document provides examples of different types Efficiency is less affected by pressure. A systematical review of the applications of fluid mechanics in blood pumps. Propeller pumps, 3. 7567 Apr 25, 2019 · A positive displacement pump operating against a closed discharge valve continues to produce flow and the pressure in the discharge line increases until the line bursts, the pump is severely damaged, or both. Sep 30, 2009 · 09/30/2009. - Download as a PDF or view online for free. They are widely used in different industries, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and the automotive industry. Dynamic Pumps – Energy is continuously applied to increase the fluid velocities within the system. , plunger or piston) to pump the fluid from one area to another. 8 likes • 10,565 views. Positive Disp Pump. Aug 25, 2019 • Download as PPT, PDF •. . Lab Amesim can be used to model various types of pumps. The diaphragm acts as a partition wall between liquid and air. Basics of Centrifugal Pump - Download as a PDF or view online for free. This pump has a different number of vanes Apr 5, 2020 · Pump Positive displacement Rotary Gear External Internal Gerotor Lobe Vane Fixed displacement Unbalanced vane Balanced vane Variable displacement Screw Single (Mono) Twin Reciprocating Axial piston In line Variable plate Inclinable swash plate Cam/crank shaft driven piston pump Bent axis Radial piston Stationary cylinder block Rotating cylinder Oct 31, 2016 · A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement pump used for pumping a variety of water services. 1. Surefin Mechanical Equipment, Inc. ppt / . A rotor with “rollers,” “shoes,” “wipers,” or “lobes” attached to the external circumference Aug 23, 2016 · 3. They can easily obtain flow measurements within 0. For the positive displacement pumps, it applies that Sep 30, 2009 · 09/30/2009. This is done by trapping liquid between the pumping elements and a stationary casing. Use for variable viscosity applications. By definition, positive-displacement (PD) pumps displace a known quantity of liquid with each revolution of the pumping elements. 0/5. Positive Displacement Pump vs. GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY. Pumps and types, Npsh, centrifugal pump - Download as a PDF or view online for free. The disc is connected to a cord that pulls water out. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on Rotary positive displacement pumps use a rotating mechanism to change the volume of the pump chamber continuously. Figure 6: Typical centrifugal pump vaned diffuser. To meet this wide range of requirements, several types of metering pumps have evolved for each application. The efficiency reduces as the pressure level rises or falls. The pumping action is cyclic and can be driven by pistons, screws, gears, rollers, diaphragms, or vanes. Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. There are several types of rotary pumps, each with its unique design and advantages: a. This causes the pusher block to move. This . The reason for this is that slippage (flow back towards suction because of differential pressure Positive Displacement Pump vs. 327 likes • 90,283 views. 19 Types of Valves Two basic groups: Special types: Stop valves - used to shut off or partially shut off the flow of fluid ( ex: globe, gate, plug, needle, butterfly) Check Valves - used to permit flow in only one direction (ex: ball-check, swing-check, lift-check) Special types: Relief valves Pressure-reducing valves Remote-operated valves Figure 5: Typical centrifugal pump impeller (left) and volute (right). Most positive displacement pumps are reciprocating pumps in which linear motion of a piston or plunger Positive displacement pumps are characterised by an operation that moves fluid by trapping a fixed volume, usually in a cavity, and then forces that trapped fluid into the discharge pipe. Kinetic pumps are of centrifugal type. Figure 2 shows how centrifugal pump performance reduces markedly as viscosity increases. Pumps, Types of Pumps, Classification of Pumps and Characteristics of Pumps. rh gd cm wz ap vu gz zx dd es