General purpose processor in embedded system. Real-time operating systems (RTOS) play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and predictability of Aug 12, 2020 · The Role of Microprocessors in Embedded SystemsAn #embeddedsystem is defined as the integration of computer memory, processor, and input/output peripheral devices designed to perform a particular task in a given time. Embedded systems tend to 1. The dynamic consumption of the embedded processor includes the power consumed by the device actively using the cores, core subsystems, peripherals such as DMA, I/O (radio, Ethernet, PCIe, CMOS camera), memories, and PLLs and clocks. What is the difference between an embedded processor and a general-purpose processor? An embedded processor is optimized for specific tasks and functions within an embedded system, and is typically integrated within electronic devices. Thereafter, Sect. General-Purpose Systems. Architecture is based on several ISA models – application-specific ISA model, general-purpose ISA model, instruction-level parallel ISA model, and combination of these ISA models. Apr 16, 2021 · Most processor cores to date have been general-purpose, which means that they have been designed to handle a wide range of applications with good average performance. Some processors include useful system peripherals; others don't. ) physically connected to it and are visible outside. General-purpose processor Single-purpose processor Application-specific processor Desired functionality Embedded Systems Design: A Unified 22 Hardware/Software Introduction, c)20V ah id/Gvrgs General-purpose processors ¥Programmable device used in a variety of applications ÐAlso known as ÒmicroprocessorÓ ¥Features ÐProgram memory Mar 11, 2015 · 1. 2017. The instruction set architecture of an ASIP is tailored to benefit a specific application. Many embedded systems need to read sensors that produce analog signals. With currently available MCU portfolios, designers are limited in how much hardware and code they can reuse across current and future designs, and have limited computing, integrated analog and packaging options. Dr. Real-Time Processing Often, the performance requirement in an embedded application is a real-time requirement. Communication Interface Jan 1, 2013 · The architecture of an embedded DSP system is modelled on the architecture of a generic embedded system. Many more microprocessors are part of embedded systems, providing digital control over myriad objects from appliances to automobiles to cellular phones and industrial process control. In the past five years or so, a number of technological challenges have brought the application-specific processors to the forefront even in the general-purpose and high-performance computing domains. · Microcontrollers. Medium scale embedded systems 3. • Compare technologies. Embedded systems are domain and application specific and are built around a central core. Embedded Systems - SFR Registers - A Special Function Register (or Special Purpose Register, or simply Special Register) is a register within a microprocessor that controls or monitors the various functions of a microprocessor. BSc 3/6 - Embedded Systems - Unit 3 - General Purpose Processor Architecture, Program's View. These Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) should be practiced to improve the Embedded Systems skills required for various interviews (campus interviews, walk-in interviews, company interviews), placements, entrance exams and other competitive examinations. A computer typically consists of a CPU, storage unit, and I/O units. • General-purpose processors. This specialization of the core provides a tradeoff between the flexibility of a general purpose central processing unit (CPU) and the performance of Jan 1, 2012 · A general-purpose embedded core is an excellent example of reuse in itself. On the other hand, the general-purpose operating system does not optimize memory resources. Embedded systems have applications in the consumer, home entertainment, industrial, medical, automotive, commercial, telecommunication, military, and aerospace verticals. Embedded systems require less power, so these processors are very small and draw less power from the source. Embedded systems are used for accomplishing specific tasks in a larger system. Jun 23, 2014 · They are designed and implemented in exactly the same way as ASICs. Let’s start out with a simple, modern SoC consisting of a DSP core, a GPP core, a system direct memory access (DMA), several I/O peripherals such as serial ports, general purpose input/output (GPIOs), USB and Ethernet. This article provides an in-depth look at embedded system hardware including: Understanding Apr 8, 2017 · In general, however, the interest in application-specific processors has been primarily restricted to the embedded systems area till very recently. Lemieux. Released in 1974, the 8080 became one of the first really widespread microprocessors. Apr 4, 2023 · An embedded system is a specialized computer system that used to perform one or a few specific tasks. The general-purpose processors are represented by the microprocessor in embedded systems. " It's general purpose because it's designed to be fairly good at nearly any task you could want to do with a processor - including branch prediction to make conditionals faster and layered caches to make memory access faster. 5. “microprocessor” – “micro” used when they were implemented on one or a few chips rather than entire rooms BLG 212E Microprocessor Systems Prof. 3 is an introduction to the methodology for determining the design metrics of embedded computing 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions on Embedded Systems. Other examples of embedded systems are modern consumer Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for General Purpose Processors - 1 - Embedded Systems (Web) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Embedded Systems (Web) - Best notes, free PDF download Introduction Embedded systems are microcontroller or microprocessor based systems designed to perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems. , a thermostat senses temperature, ( TempSensed ), compares the temperature to a preset value, ( TempUpperLimit ), and if. Both comprise four basic units, including processor, memory, general-purpose I/O and bus subsystems, with the embedded DSP system containing a DSP processor and a few other I/O peripherals. UNIT-II TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM Core of the embedded system-general purpose and domain specific processors, ASICs, PLDs, COTs; Memory-ROM, RAM, memory according to the type of interface, memory shadowing, memory selection for embedded systems, Sensors, actuators, I/O components: seven segment Enhance the sensing, processing and control capabilities of your system while cutting cost, complexity and design time. e. 1, taking into account the introduction to systems in Chap. 1 summarizes these three classes of computing environments and their important characteristics. The decade was marked by market upheavals caused by the shrinking price of transistors. Multi Processor System using GPPs An embedded system is a computer system that can be used to perform a special purpose or a dedicated function and you can find many applications of embedded systems, e. General purpose processor Microprocessor Microcontroller Embedded processor Jun 20, 2020 · Classify a computer with the following attributes into either “general-purpose” or “embedded”: designed to run any arbitrary software application the user desires. edu) 7 Embedded Processors Microcontroller (μC or MCU) •A small computer on a single IC containing a processor core, memory, and I/O peripherals Microprocessor •A general-purpose CPU in a single chip SoC (System-on-a-Chip) •More integration than MCU Embedded designers need more flexibility during the design process to maintain a system's affordability and longevity. The Embedded system is the basic unit of the #electronics industry. ABSTRACT. Registers are used in the CPU to store information on temporarily basis which could be data to be processed, or an address pointing to the data which is to be fetched. It is the basic unit that takes inputs and produces an output after processing the data. General Purpose Processor. Oct 12, 2022 · General Purpose Processors (GPP) The general-purpose processors are the embedded processors used for general purpose applications that are not specific to any applications. Google Scholar Digital Library; VectorBlox Computing, Inc. embedded system design Apr 11, 2023 · Unlike general-purpose computers, embedded systems are purpose-built to execute specific tasks. 58. Core of the Embedded System a) General purpose and domain specific Processors b) ASICs c) PLDs d) COTs 2. There are two types of embedded systems microprocessors and micro-controller. Multiprocessing Systems: ARM processors are designed to be used in cases of multiprocessing systems where more than one processor is used to process information. 2013. Our versatile and scalable general-purpose portfolio of Arm®-based products ranges from low-power Cortex®-M0+ MCUs to high-performance Cortex-A72 processors and features a wide range of pinout, memory, I/O peripherals and analog options. embedded operating system: An embedded operating system is a specialized OS for use in the computers built into larger systems. Sep 12, 2017 · A general-purpose CPU in a computer like a Microprocessor has external peripherals (Real-time Clock, USB, Ethernet, HDMI etc. Alec Schott, Karan Saxena. For example, a standalone USB interface chip would be classed as an ASSP. Severance and G. Here, we notice the primary difference between an embedded system and VLSI. Here are some of the key Apr 15, 2016 · This chapter begins with a brief overview of embedded computing systems in Sect. While a general-purpose computer could run any compatible application of the user's choosing, an embedded device is programmed and optimized to run one specific application that satisfies its real ICE3028: Embedded Systems Design | Spring 2017 | Jin-Soo Kim (jinsookim@skku. 2. Some vendors quote maximum power, others quote typical, and still others don't include I/O power. It is mostly designed using a microcontroller as the main processing unit. An ordinary microprocessor only comes with the processor in the chip. The purpose of the system is to apply a series of signal processing functions to a stream of data Jan 13-15, 2009 CprE 588 – Embedded Computer Systems Lect-01. , in automotive: ignition system, engine control, auto parking system, braking system like ABS, EBD and so on. Dynamic power consumption. Micro-processor is based on von Neumann model/architecture (where program + data resides in the same memory location), it is an the traditional embedded system and the general-purpose PC systems, this book supports the evolutionary view of embedded systems that encompasses these types of computer system designs. -------------- is an integrated circuit that integrates all components of an embedded system into a single chip. GPPs are the processors that power desktop computers and are at the center of the computer revolution that began in the 1970s. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) consists of the ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit), Control Unit and various processor registers. Field Programmable Gate Arrays and Applications; Introduction to Mar 16, 2021 · The invention of the RISC processor in the 1980 allows to build high performance μP at a fraction of the power consumption of general-purpose processors (GPP). The two essential components of a processor are ALU and the control unit. system’s desired functionality •Processor does not have to be programmable –“Processor” not equal to general-purpose processor Application-specific Registers Custom ALU Controller Datapath Program memory Assembly code for: total = 0 for i =1 to … Control logic and State register Data memory IR PC Single-purpose (“hardware Jan 1, 2014 · Typical functions of embedded systems can be the following: Processing: ability to process the analog/digital signals. Technology A: NRE=$2,000, unit=$100. The CPU receives data input by the user, processes information and executes commands. They are “embedded” because they exist within a larger mechanical or electronic system. Operating within a larger system is a key characteristic of embedded systems, but the standalone variety can function independently. This will help you to prepare for exams, contests, online tests, quizzes, viva-voce, interviews, and certifications. flexibility is low. Memory a) ROM b) RAM c) Memory according to type of interface d) Memory shadowing e) Memory selection for Embedded system 2. It can be said as a dedicated computer system has been developed for some particular reason. 2 introduces the hardware architecture of embedded computing systems. An embedded system is generally a computer, but its functions are less than those of general-purpose computers. additional $200 per unit. Processors can be of the following categories −. it also contains secondary storage like hard disks etc. F. But it is not our traditional computer system or general-purpose computers, these are the Embedded systems that may work embedded system: An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and software , either fixed in capability or programmable, that is designed for a specific function or for specific functions within a larger system. Performance may not match G. Classify the processors in embedded system? 1. In simple words, we can say that a general purpose computer system is a modern day architectural representation of Computer System. They are often characterized by their real-time operation, compact size, and integration into larger systems. Classify a computer with the following attributes into either “general-purpose” or “embedded”: can cost hundreds to thousands of US dollars. Murphy, Niall. General Purpose Processor (GPP) Microprocessor; Microcontroller; Embedded Processor; Digital Signal Processor; Media Processor; Application Specific Computer systems can be split into two main categories: general-purpose and embedded systems. A processor has two essential units − 2 CORE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS. by costs -- best depends on quantity. Embedded computing systems permeate our lives from consumer devices, such as smartphones and game consoles, to less visible electronic devices that control, for instance, different aspects of a car's operation. There are different varieties of microprocessors available in the market from different companies. Types of Processors. Sophisticated embedded systems 6. In 8051, there is one data type is of 8-bits, from the MSB (most significant bit) D7 to the LSB (least significant bit) D0. This is not surprising, because they are essentially the same thing. What are the two essential units of a processor on an embedded system? 1. Oct 26, 2016 · Embedded Processor: An embedded processor is a microprocessor designed especially for handling the needs of an embedded system. This is the purpose of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). With a fast setup process and an assortment of foundational demos and tutorials, you can start prototyping and exploring applications from general compute to multi-display and vision analytics right out of the box. Feb 20, 2023 · Embedded System is an integrated system that is formed as a combination of computer hardware and software for a specific function. An embedded system is a computer embedded in something other than a computer. The document discusses general-purpose processors and their software. There are different types of core processors used in embedded systems. The usage of the embedded systems ranges from mobile phones, digital watches to traffic light controllers, and Apr 10, 2021 · An open-loop, embedded system gathers information, reacts to the input parameter values in a predefined way and produces the appropriate output signals and/or commands, e. A processor runs the cycles of fetch and executes the instructions in the same sequence as they are fetched from memory. G. 7. By combining many flip-flops, the storage capacity can be extended to accommodate a huge number Jun 7, 2011 · Control plane processing. However, microprocessors have also a large impact on reuse in electronic system design. General-purpose processor Single-purpose processor Application-specific processor Desired functionality Embedded Systems Design: A Unified 22 Hardware/Software Introduction, c)20V ah id/Gvrgs General-purpose processors ¥Programmable device used in a variety of applications ÐAlso known as ÒmicroprocessorÓ ¥Features ÐProgram memory General purpose computers; The fetch-decode-execute cycle; Common CPU components; Cache memory; Von Neumann architecture; Factors affecting CPU performance; Embedded systems; Embedded systems. For an embedded system designer, it is necessary to have the knowledge of both microprocessors and microcontrollers. Several vendors of off-the-shelf programmable processors are now offering existing processors as core components, available as a library element in their silicon foundry [4]. General Purpose processor (GPP) Microprocessor Microcontroller Embedded Processor Digital signal Processor 2. Santic, John S. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS’13). 1. k. Fig. a. Embedded Supercomputing in FPGAs with the vectorblox MXP matrix processor. Processors in a System. Communication: ability to transfer signals (“Information”) from/to the outside world. The peripherals are separate from the An Embedded system is a controller, which controls many other electronic devices. Advanced SoCs now integrate memory, a graphics processor, and other important features onto one chip. This is because they are designed to perform specific tasks. It processes the instructions based on the predefined general-purpose instruction set. General-Purpose ARM-based processors have emerged as versatile and indispensable components across a wide range of applications and industries. Yal¸cın (˙IT U)¨ MSD January, 2016 2 / 13 General-Purpose Processors: Basic Architecture Key di↵erences Datapath General-purpose microprocessors in personal computers are used for computation, text editing, multimedia display, and communication over the Internet. 2. The processor is a simple chip or logic circuit that responds to basic instructions as well as input processes to control the processing unit. 1--10. General-purpose computers, on the other hand, are designed for a wide range of applications and user interactions. As the special registers are closely tied to some special function or status of the processor, they might n. General-purpose processors, like the ones found in personal computers, are designed for a wide range of 1. The main purpose of the CPU is to execute programs. Industrial machines, agricultural and process industry devices, automobiles, medical equipment, cameras, household Embedded Systems - Processors. In contrast, the GPOS has no task deadline. Our 1000+ MCQs focus on all topics of the Embedded Systems subject, covering 100+ topics. Design Time and NRE costs may be high. Nov 4, 2021 · Most experts believe that SoCs will drive most embedded system processing in the future instead of general-purpose CPUs. Classify a computer with the following attributes into either “general-purpose Jul 3, 2020 · UNIT-II Typical Embedded System: Core of the Embedded System: General Purpose and Domain Specific Processors, ASICs, PLDs, Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components (COTS), Memory: ROM, RAM, Memory according to the type of Interface, Memory Shadowing, Memory selection for Embedded Systems, Sensors and Actuators, Communication Interface: Onboard and External Communication Interfaces. It describes how general-purpose processors are designed to perform a variety of computation tasks at low cost by spreading out their development costs. ISA models will be considered further. Embedded system hardware refers to the electronic components and devices which make up the embedded system and enable its functioning. P for some applications. General-purpose computers are designed so that users or devices can interact with them in a variety of ways to meet a Mar 28, 2021 · The CPU, also called the processor or microprocessor , is the most important component in a PC. The only difference is that an ASSP is a more general-purpose device that is intended for use by multiple system design houses. 1 Overview. Embedded systems are also called embedded computers. To give you an idea of a non-general-purpose processor: GPUs. Storage: the ability to preserve the temporary information within the embedded system. digital signal processors and general-purpose embedded processors below. General Purpose Processors - II; Embedded Processors - I; Embedded Processors - II; Memory-Interfacing; Embedded Systems I/O. attributes into either “general-purpose” or “embedded”: runs a sophisticated operating system such as Windows. It became possible to put an entire CPU on one printed circuit board. It provides details on how the control unit sequences 1. P. Its purpose is to control the device and to allow a user to interact with it. Jun 21, 2021 · BSc 3/6 - Embedded Systems - Unit 3 - General Purpose Processor Architecture, Program's View. The data path has large register array and one or more general purpose ALU. By the mid-1970s, the use of integrated circuits in computers was common. The microprocessor is also a general-purpose processor that consists of a control unit, ALU, a bunch of registers also called scratchpad registers, control Sep 29, 2017 · An embedded designer creates a single-purpose processor by designing a custom digital circuit Advantages and disadvantages are more or less the opposite of the general-purpose processor: Advantages: performance is very good. The real-time operating system has a task deadline. per-product cost = $2000/10 + $100 = $300. But an embedded Microcontroller or Microprocessor unit interfaces few or all the peripherals to the CPU on a single SOC (System On Chip) IC. Jan 11, 2005 · Comparing general-purpose processors is always tricky, because it's difficult to make an apples-to-apples comparison. Last but not least, the FPGAs allow us today to design custom μPs with a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) device without involving a ASIC foundry in the design process. · Microprocessors. Nov 30, 2022 · General Purpose Registers. Single Purpose Processor (SPP) It is a digital circuit designed to perform exactly one program. Microprocessors come with bus interfaces that support the physical integration of an electronic system consisting of multiple components. 5 GHz. System hardware. A real-time performance requirement is one where a segment of Apr 23, 2018 · These ISA characteristics are very important for performance, design time, and functionality of the embedded design. Starter Kit EVMs provide a stand-alone test and development platform built using our Arm-based system-on-a-chips (SoC). Amortizing NRE cost over the units results in an. In an embedded system, single-purpose embedded processors provide only one specific task, as its name implies. The processor is an essential component in electronic systems like smartphones, embedded systems, laptops, computers, etc. total cost = $2000 + 10*$100 = $3000. Yes, a PC CPU is a "General Purpose Processor. All DSP processors, both ASIP DSP proces- sors and general-purpose DSP processors, need RISC subset instructions for han- dling general arithmetic and control functions. is the design upon which many general purpose computers close general purpose computer A Embedded Systems - Registers. A register is a collection of flip-flops, Single bit digital data is stored using flip-flops. Mu¨¸stak E. 4. A. General Purpose processors for high compute, HMI, and connectivity applications. Sensors and Actuators 2. Tightly Coupled Memory: The memory of ARM processors is tightly coupled User just writes software; no processor design a. Program flow control unit (CU) 2. Thus this definition of an embedded system would include smart objects. General Purpose Computer Embedded Systems; It is designed using a microprocessor as the main processing unit. Jun 21, 2023 · Heterogeneous processors integrate different types of components—e. What are Embedded Systems? n Anything that uses a microprocessor but isn't a general-purpose computer – Smartphones – Set-top boxes – Televisions – Video Games – Refrigerators – Cars – Planes – Elevators – Remote Controls – Alarm Systems • The user “sees” a smart (special-purpose) system as opposed to the computer Apr 27, 2023 · 1. Performance is more complicated than just MHz or Dhrystone MIPS. Purpose. Mar 1, 2024 · Embedded systems have become an integral part of our daily lives, from smartphones and home appliances to medical devices and industrial machinery. 4. It consists of program memory and general data path. Applications executing on current embedded systems exhibit a sophistication on par with applications running on desktop Jul 18, 2005 · Useful processor performance benchmarks It is important that the general-purpose processor core have enough performance not only to perform the control plane functions of the system, but also to contribute to the data plane portion. Under this definition, any system that has a microprocessor is an embedded system with the exception of PCs, laptops, and other equipment readily identified as a computer. NRE and unit cost metrics. These systems are designed to perform specific tasks efficiently, often in real-time, without the complexities of a general-purpose computer. small size (exact to fit one solution) they consume little power. Emerging communications processors have general-purpose cores with operating frequencies that approach 1. It is a combination of embedded hardware and software. Robert Oshana, in Software Engineering for Embedded Systems, 2013. 1s and 0s, they are not able to do anything with the analog signals that may be sent to it by a device. The MXP Vector Matrix Processor It is not uncommon to use general-purpose processors for embedded systems in the current market. Figure E. General-purpose processors are the target processors that probably first come to mind to anyone writing a computer program. , general-purpose CPUs, specialized digital signal processors (DSPs), and graphics processing units (GPUs)—on a single chip. Interfacing bus, Protocols, ISA bus etc. “Watchdog Timers,” Embedded Systems Programming, November 2000, p. Embedded system computers contain CPUs that run at slower speeds than general-purpose computers in order to save power. Section 2. Embedded system as a _____ to perform a specific task. Unit Cost is high for small quantities. 3. Application Specific System Processor (ASSP) 3. “Watchdog Timer Techniques,” Embedded Systems Programming, April 1995, p. Dec 17, 2019 · Embedded systems have three defining characteristics that embedded systems engineers should be aware of: Embedded systems are application-specific. The core of the embedded system falls into any of the following categories: General purpose and Domain Specific Processors. The RTOS examples are FreeRTOS, Contiki source code, etc. Electronic devices in just about every engineering market segment are classified as embedded systems (see Table 1-1). In a PC, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. The CPU, Memory Unit and I/O subsystems are interconnected by the system bus which Jul 2, 2023 · An embedded system is a microprocessor-based computer hardware system – a combination of a computer processor, storage medium (eg: RAM) and input/output peripheral devices – which form part of an independent or larger mechanical or electrical system, device or machine. Computers are used for accomplishing general purpose computing tasks. It contains a large memory semiconductor memories like cache and RAM. 1 Embedded Systems. Timers; Interrupts; DMA; USB and IrDA; AD and DA Converters; Analog Interfacing; Design of Embedded Processors. An embedded system is a small computer that forms part of a larger system, device or machine. The real-time operating system optimizes memory resources. . 1. Classify a computer with the following attributes into either “general-purpose” or “embedded”: implemented on a single-chip. This may mean that if you have some special computationally intensive algorithm, such as audio processing, you may need a high-performance core (for example with a SIMD unit, or Oct 30, 2023 · An embedded system consists of a processor, memory, and input/output units and has a specific function within a larger system. , video processing – requires huge video buffers and operations on large arrays of data, inefficient on a GPP – But single-purpose processor has high NRE, not programmable An application-specific instruction set processor ( ASIP) is a component used in system on a chip design. A register serves as a quick memory for accepting, storing, and sending data and instructions that the CPU will need right away. Within these products, an embedded system contains sequentially executed A. 112. The First AMP processor introduced by the name of ARMv6K could support 4 CPUs along with its hardware. Mar 8, 2024 · The reconfigurable processor architecture is tailored for specific use cases, particularly in low-power embedded and edge computing, and requires a proprietary software stack (compiler) that Factors affecting CPU performance; Embedded systems; This is known as the stored program concept. A general-purpose system is a computer system that can be programmed to perform a large number of tasks. See also Dale Lantrip and Larry Bruner’s “General Purpose Watchdog Timer Component for a Multitasking System,” Embedded Systems Programming VARIOUS PROCESSOR 1. Both microcontroller cores and digital signal processor (DSP) cores Oct 1, 2001 · 1. Nov 29, 2023 · Embedded systems are computer systems that have a dedicated function. g. There are four types of embedded systems: Standalone. microcontroller-based B Jan 1, 2010 · Embedded mixed-signal systems are widely used in control applications, specialized interfacing to powerful computing systems, providing application-specific functionality (coprocessors) to general-purpose processors, and networked sensing and control devices. Chapter 3 introduces the basic architecture and operation of a general-purpose processor, together with some considerations about the choice of the right processor to use in a particular application, and an introduction to processor design. Optimizing Embedded Software for Power. Processor is the heart of an embedded system. 6. Execution unit (EU) 7. It then explains the basic architecture of a general-purpose processor, including the control unit and datapath. Disadvantages: Sep 5, 2022 · An embedded system is created to carry out one or a few specific duties, frequently under real-time computing limitations. Since processors are built to interpret and process digital data, i. General Purpose Processor (GPP) It is a programmable circuit that can perform varieties of tasks. 3. 25 Processor Technology • The architecture of the computation engine used to implement a system’s desired functionality • Processor does not have to be programmable • “Processor” not equal to general-purpose processor Application-specific Registers Custom ALU Controller Jan 24, 2023 · 35 Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processors (ASIPs) • General-purpose processors – Sometimes too general to be effective in demanding application • e. og ev cw uk nt ih kh fu bb su